Posts tonen met het label Geschiedenis. Alle posts tonen
Posts tonen met het label Geschiedenis. Alle posts tonen

woensdag 6 november 2013

Een voortschrijdend vergeten


"De geschiedenis van de metafysiek is niet zonder meer het werk van de mens. Dit te menen is precies één van de vormen van het metafysisch denken. De geschiedenis overkomt de mens (Geschick). Zij is evenmin zonder meer vooruitgang, verrijking, toename van menselijke mogelijkheden of een zogenaamd dichter bij de waarheid komen, maar tegelijkertijd ook een voortschrijdend vergeten (dat precies geen act is van de mens maar hem overkomt), een verloren gaan en ontvallen van mogelijkheden (Enteignis), en een toename van het ongedachte. Het gaat hier om het gebeuren van onthullen en verhullen, dat de mens in vele opzichten overstijgt, dat principieel ongedacht is, en dat de verschillende posities die de mens inneemt toewijst en mogelijk maakt." (IJsseling 1986, Jacques Derrida, pp. 117-8)


"Imagine a box with four compartments with doors that open and close. One of these compartments holds 10,000 molecules of a gas, and the other three compartments contain nothing; they hold a vacuum. What we have then is a gradient or potential gradient blocked by the doors. Upon opening the first door, or constraint, the gas will spread into the next compartment. This part of the system will reach a local equilibrium of roughly 5,000 molecules in each of two boxes, with no perceivable gradient between them. The process repeats as we open the remaining doors until 2,500 molecules or so settle in each of the four boxes. Each time a constraint is removed, that part of the system approaches equilibrium. Once the whole system comes to equilibrium, you cannot determine the order in which the doors between the compartments were opened. From observing the final equilibrium state, it is impossible to determine the order in which compartments were breached. These principles of erasure of the path, or past, as work is produced on the way to equilibrium hold for a broad class of thermodynamic systems, from chemical kinetic reactions to a hot cup of tea reaching the temperature of the room." (Schneider & Sagan 2005, Into the Cool)

maandag 5 augustus 2013

De geschiedenis bezien vanuit het gen


Eerst dit:

"We look at life and begin by seeing a collection of interacting individual organisms. We know that they contain smaller units, and we know that they are, in turn, parts of larger composite units, but we fix our gaze on the whole organisms. Then suddenly the image flips. The individual bodies are still there; they have not moved, but they seem to have gone transparent. We see through them to the replicating fragments of DNA within, and we see the wider world as an arena in which these genetic fragments play out their tournaments of manipulative skill. Genes manipulate the world and shape it to assist their replication. [...] Fundamentally, what is going on is that replicating molecules ensure their survival by means of phenotypic effects on the world." (Richard Dawkins 1982, The Extended Phenotype, pp. 4-5)
 
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